Abstract: Based on the traditional Chinese culture's concept of "preventive treatment of disaster", exploring the theoretical framework of urban disaster risk management that is in line with China's national conditions from the aspects of the concept, connotation, theoretical basis, and guiding ideology of "preventive treatment of disaster". It proposes that "preventive treatment of disaster" is the prevention and control of potential disasters that may occur, develop, chain, or recur. Under the guidance of holistic and comprehensive thinking, "preventive treatment of disaster" needs to follow three major prevention and control principles: preventing disasters before they occur, preventing changes after disasters, and preventing recovery after disasters. The goal of "preventive treatment of disaster" can be achieved through five methods: understanding the mechanism of disaster causing force, controlling the scope of the disaster site, reducing the exposure of the disaster bearing body, enhancing the resistance of the disaster bearing body, and combining disaster control with human intervention. According to the practice of flood disaster prevention and reduction in China, it is pointed out that "preventive treatment of disaster" can effectively carry out risk management. The theory of "preventive treatment of disaster" can enrich the theory of urban disaster risk management in China and promote the practice of urban disaster risk management.