Abstract: The existing parameter calibration methods are based on the objective function surface to find the optimal value. This type of methods have problems such as unstable results, poor convergence performance, low efficiency and failure to find the global optimal value. Based on the system response relationship between the increment of the dependent variables and the increment of parameters, the system response parameter calibration method was proposed in this paper. Then the Xin An Jiang Model parameters based on Shaowu basin measured data were also calibrated by the method. The results showed that this new method can got the optimal parameter values not influenced by the different initial parameter values with higher convergence speed and accuracy. So the system response parameter calibration method is an effective parameters optimization method, which can be used as a reference for other model parameter optimization.